Lots of info on the tire.

1. Width of the tire
2. Aspect ratio
3. Diameter of the rim
4. Load index (how much weight it can take once on the bike.
5. Speed rating. (touring or racing or woods)
6. Type like radial or byas
7. Direction it should turn once mounted
8. Reinforced if applicable
9. M+S (Mud snow or winter tread)

This is a date code. Its like a born on date. The code will start with the letters DOT. Read the last four digits of the DOT code on most tires. The DOT code should end in a four digit number. The first two digits identify the week while the last two digits identify the year.